WEB BROWSER

• A web browser, or browser is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages. 

• The purpose of web browser is to bring information resources to the user.

• With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser.

• The browser retrieves and displays a starting Web page.

WEB ADDRESS

• A Web page has a unique address called URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address.
  
   1 - Protocol

           2 - Domain name

           3 - Path 

             

           4 - Web page name

• The last component of web address not only webpage name, it can be file name.

• Examples:

           http://www.bankislam.biz/promote/index.htm

           http://www.sukasuki.my/promotional/image1.jpeg

WEB PAGE NAVIGATION

• Surfing the web - The activity of using links to explore the web.
• A link - Can be text or an image.
• Text links - May be underlined and/or displayed in a colour different from other text on the page 

                           - The colour of the link will change once the link has visited.

• Types of web page navigation: 

Hypertext	Hypermedia
Links in text-based documents	Combines text-based links with graphic, audio and video links

Tab Browsing 

• Most current web browsers support tabbed browsing.
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web page in a single Web browser window.

WEB SEARCHING

• A primary reason that people use the Web is to search for specific information, including text, pictures, music and video.

• The first step in successful searching is to identify the main idea or concept in the topic about which you are seeking information.

• Types of search tools :

Search engine (keyword search)	Subject directory (directory search)
Finds information related to a specific topic	Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories.

Search Engine

• Helpful in locating information for which you do not know an exact Web address or are not seeking a particular Web site. 

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such as: Images, Videos, Audios, Publications, Maps, People or Businesses and Blogs.

• A program rhat searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found.

• Requires the users to enter a word or phrase, called search text or search query.

• Each word of the search text s known as keyword.

• Result of the search is called hits and can be in form of : web pages, articles, images, audio,videos, etc.

What is a hit ?

- Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search.

THE INTERNET ADDRESS

What Is IP Address?

• A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
• IP addresses are also referred to as IP numbers and Internet addresses.
• IP address sometimes is called a dotted decimal number or quad.

IP Usage

• A way to find specific server or computer on the Internet or a network.
• Provide identity to a computer in a network
• Indentify for a particular device/machine on a particular network
• Allows transfers of files and e-mail

IP Structure 

• IP addresses usually consists of four groups of number each separated by a period.
• The number in each group is between 0 to 255.
• First portion identify the network
• Last portion identify the computer

IP Versions

Criteria	IP Version 4 (IPv4)	IP Version 6 (IPv6)
Length	32 bits	128 bits
Example	74.14.01.99	FB11:34DA:65CA:87AE:ABC4:01AA:ADDC5:32C1
Adress Format	Written in dotted decimal	Written in hexadecimal with colons and shortcuts
Group	4 group number	8 group number

Domain names and IP addresses 

• Domain name is a text version of IP address
• IP address is a number version of domain name

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

Internet service Provider (ISP)	A company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations
Access Provider	A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet for free or for a fee

Responsibilities of an ISP

• Providing and maintaining a connections to the Internet
• Support the hardware and software needed to service that connection
• Tp protect their site and network from external threats such as viruses, hacker attacks and other illegal activities
• Provide 24-hour customer service and technical support.

Example of ISP in Malaysia

1. Telekom Malaysia

2. Maxis

3. Celcom

4. YTL Communications 

5. Time

6. Jaring

7. DiGi

8. Packet One Network

TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION

     1. Dial-up Connection

• Coventional Dial-up

(to connect to the Internet, your computer dials its modem and connects to a modem attached to a computer belonging to your ISP.)

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
Security : (since you are not continually conneted to the Internet, it is much less likely the hackers will gain access to your computer via Internet.)	Slow connection speed (max of 56Kbps)
Included inexpensive hardware	In convenience (having to instruct your PC to dial up your ISP every time you want to check your email or view a website)
Ease of setup and use	Telephone line will be tied up while accessing the Internet
Availability: provides the user with the convenience of using his account.

• ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) 

-  also transfer data over ordinary telephone lines to

- Typically uses two phone lines to transfer data

- ISDN requires a special ISDN modem

- Characteristics of ISDN :

• Faster, but pricey
• Doesn't tie up phone line
• Used by businesses and individuals

   2. Direct Connection /Broadband Internet Connection

   (always on connection)

Types of Direct Connection/ Broadband Internet Connection
DSL	Fiber to the Premise (FTTP)	Fixed Wireless	Cellular Radio Network	Cable Internet Service	Wi-Fi	Satellite Internet Service
Broadband delivered over telephone lines	Delivers over fibre-optic cabling all the way to the building	Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites	Also known as mobile wireless. Access via mobile phone or device.	Most widely used home broadband connection	Data transmitted through radio waves.	Broadband option for rural areas